Deploying OpenStack using Fuel

Secure HTML server as python script

from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor
from twisted.web import static, server, twcgi
def create_SSL_context(privkey_file, cacert_file):
    if privkey_file is None or cacert_file is None:
        raise AttributteError('To start SSL server privkey_file and cacert_file need to be specified')
    from twisted.internet import ssl as twistedssl
    ssl_context = twistedssl.DefaultOpenSSLContextFactory(privkey_file, cacert_file,)
    return ssl_context
port = 4444
secure = True
root = static.File("/var/www")
root.putChild("pswd", twcgi.CGIDirectory("/var/www/pswd"))
root.putChild("filter", twcgi.CGIDirectory("/var/www/filter"))
root.putChild("abc", twcgi.CGIDirectory("/var/www/abc"))
if secure:
    privkey_file='privkey_pp_vm.pem'
    cacert_file='cacert_pp_vm.pem'
    ssl_context = create_SSL_context(privkey_file, cacert_file)
    reactor.listenSSL(port, server.Site(root), ssl_context)
    print "Secure Server started on port: %s"%port
else:
    reactor.listenSSL(port, server.Site(root))
    print "Non-secure Server started on porti: %s"%port
reactor.run()

How to repace any test with new line in vi editor.

:1,$s/\\r\\n/{Ctrl-V}{Enter}/g

Testing enum interface using dig command

MDN number 44 186 533 2244 SERVER IP 2001:470:c2d7:917::54 SERVER PORT 2254 dig -t naptr 4.4.2.2.3.3.5.6.8.1.4.4.e164.arpa @2001:470:c2d7:917::54 -p 2254

How to block IPv6 address to be used as originator address when interface has 2 addreses.

sudo ip -f inet6 addrlabel add prefix label 45 sudo ip -f inet6 addrlabel add prefix 2001:470:c2d7:917:20c:29ff:fe30:1a71 label 45

TCP echo server using ncat

 ncat  -v -l -c 'while true; do read i && echo [echo] $i; done'  10.50.2.104 3000

UDP Client and Echo Server using netcat. for IPv6.

Client

nc -zuv6 2001:470:c2d7:917::38 3000

Server

nc -6lu 2001:470:c2d7:917::38 3000

Make Apache2 server HTTPS secure

1. Create key and cerificate files.

cd /etc/apache2/
mkdir -p ssl/crt
mkdir -p ssl/key 
cd ssl 
openssl req -newkey  rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout key/vhost2.key    -x509 -days 365 -out crt/vhost2.crt  

2. Configure Virtual host in the file /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

...
<VirtualHost *.443>        

        DocumentRoot /var/www/secure

        ServerName vhost1.yourdomain.com

        # DirectoryIndex index.php

        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/vhost1-error.log

        CustomLog /var/log/apache2/vhost1-access.log combined

        SSLEngine On

        SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/crt/vhost2.crt

        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/key/vhost2.key

        <Location />

        SSLRequireSSL On

        SSLVerifyClient optional

        SSLVerifyDepth 1

        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars +StrictRequire

        </Location>

        <Directory "/var/www/vhost1">

                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

                AllowOverride None

                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

                Order allow,deny

                AddHandler cgi-script .py

                AddHandler default-handler .html .htm

                Allow from all

         </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

3. Install modes

    sudo a2enmod rewrite

    sudo a2enmod ssl 

3.  Restart Apache2 

    sudo service apache2 restart 

Installing new partition for swap space

1. Add new disk in VMWare. In the example it is 3rd disk.
    a. Power off machine
    b. Edit Settings
    c. Add ...   Hard Disk , Next
    d. Create a new virtual disk, Next
    e. Capacity 2GB , Thick provision Lazy Zeroed, Next , Next
    f. Finish
       
2. Create MS-DOS partition table.
    > fsdisk /dev/sdc
    > n (new)
    > p (primary)
    > 1 (first)
    > w (write) 

3. Install and used GUI program gparted
    > sudo apt-get install gparted 

4. Start gparted from Ubuntu GUI.  
   a. Select device GParted / Devices / dev/sdc1 
   b. Device / Create Partition Table , , Apply 
   c. Create partition: Patrition / New /
   d. Create as: Primary Patrition, File system: linux-swap, Label: swap / Add 
   e. Edit /  Apply All Operations 
   f. Partition / Swapon 
   g. GParted / Quit 

5. Make your changes permanent by adding entry to /etc/fstab file: 

mpug@testtool13:/$ vi /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
## Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).##
/dev/mapper/testtool97--vg-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on 
/dev/sda1 during installationUUID=b36b850c-0a22-4f02-9516-83b80d5a6c1f 
/boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/testtool97--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/sdc1                         none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/fd0       /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0
/dev/testtool97-disk/disk /disk               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1

Installation of package ExifRead

ExifRead is the package to read pictures attribute from files.

1. Download the file ExifRead-2.1.2.tar.gz 
2. >gunzip ExifRead-2.1.2.tar.gz
3. >tar -xvf ExifRead-2.1.2.tar 
4. >cd ExifRead-2.1.2
5. >sudo python setup.py install

Using MySQLdb with Python

To be able to connect python scripting  with MySqlDB install packages.
sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb
sudo apt-get install python-htmlgen 
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

use in python script 

import MySQLdb as mdb
import base64

SCRIPT = sys.argv[0].split("/")[-1:][0]
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME='links'
MYSQL_USER='root'
MYSQL_PASSWORD=base64.b64decode('cm9vdDEyMw==')
MYSQL_PASSWORD='root123'
SQL_LIMIT = 500


database_name=MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME

con = mdb.connect('localhost',MYSQL_USER,MYSQL_PASSWORD,MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME)

cur = con.cursor()

Run Python as CGI in Apache2

1. Install apache2
sudo apt-get install apache2 

2. Install python
sudo apt-get install python 

3. Enable CGI processing in apache2
sudo a2enmod cgi

4. Modify file /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf to include:

        #ServerName www.example.com

        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www
        <Directory />
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
        </Directory>
        <Directory /var/www/>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride None
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
        </Directory>

        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/
        <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                AddHandler cgi-script .py
                AddHandler default-handler .html .htm
                Allow from all
        </Directory>
        <Directory "/var/www/run">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                AddHandler cgi-script .py
                AddHandler default-handler .html .htm
                Allow from all
        </Directory>
        <Directory "/var/www/tracedecode">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                AddHandler cgi-script .py
                AddHandler default-handler .html .htm
                Allow from all
        </Directory>

        # AddHandler mod_python .py

5. Restart apache2
sudo service apache2 restart



https://www.linux.com/blog/configuring-apache2-run-python-scripts

Allow remote SSHas root login

Become root
sudo su

Create password as root
passwd

Modify file /etc/ssh/sshd_config


# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
# PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes yes

Restart SSH service  

sudo service sshd restart  

Backing up snapshot using LVM

https://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm_snapshots

How to remove disk file using pipe to rm command

find . -name "*\.pyc" | xargs rm -f

Adding desktop to Ubuntu 16.04 server

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop 

Adding new disk to Ubuntu 14.04 system.

1. Add new hardware disk to Ubuntu 14.04 system using LVM ( Logical Volume Manager)

• fdisk /dev/sdb
• select new partition "n"
• select primary partition "p"  
• select one partition  "1"
• "cr"
• "cr" 
• write changes to disk "w"

2. Create Physical Volume,  Virtual Group and Logical Volume using LVM

• Make sure LVM is installed on your computer.
  sudo apt-get install lvm2
• Create physical volume "/dev/sdb1"
  pvcreate /dev/sdb1
• Create volume group named "testtool97-disk" and include physical volume /dev/sdb1
  vgcreate testtool97-disk  /dev/sdb1
• Create logical volume named "disk" of size 5.9G and add it to volume group testtool97-disk
  lvcreate -n disk -L 5.9 testtool97-disk

3. Make file system 

• mkfs.ext4 /dev/testtool97-disk/disk 
• mkdir /disk
• vi /etc/fstab 
• add following line to mount file system on "disk" mount point 


• /dev/testtool97-disk/disk /disk               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1


• save and quit 

4. Mount directory /disk

•  mount /disk